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Marketing Operations Glossary

46 terms

Measurement, analytics, and attribution

KPIA metric directly tied to an important business objective.
MetricAny quantified measurement. It becomes a KPI only when it is strategically important.
Leading indicatorAn early signal that may predict a later outcome.
Lagging indicatorA result visible after the process has played out.
North Star metricOne central measure representing delivered customer or business value.
BaselineThe starting performance used for comparison.
BenchmarkA comparison point from history, peers, or industry data.
Target / goalThe desired future result.
VarianceDifference between actual and expected performance.
DashboardA focused view of current performance for a defined audience.
ReportA structured presentation of selected data.
CohortA group sharing a starting event or characteristic.
Cohort analysisCompare how groups behave over time.
Funnel analysisMeasure volume and conversion between defined stages.
Time to conversionHow long it takes to reach a defined outcome.
AttributionRules assigning credit for an outcome to marketing interactions.
First-touch attributionGive all credit to the earliest recorded interaction.
Last-touch attributionGive all credit to the final interaction before conversion.
Lead-creation touchCredit the interaction that turned an anonymous visitor into a known lead.
Opportunity-creation touchCredit the interaction associated with opportunity creation.
Multi-touch attribution / MTADivide credit across several interactions using defined rules or a model.
Linear attributionGive every included touch equal credit.
Time-decay attributionGive more credit to interactions closer to conversion.
U-shaped attributionEmphasize first touch and lead creation, split the rest among middle touches.
W-shaped attributionEmphasize first touch, lead creation, and opportunity creation.
Attribution windowThe period during which a touch is eligible for credit.
UTM parametersURL tags identifying campaign traffic.
Original sourceThe earliest recognized acquisition source, usually preserved.
Latest sourceThe most recent recognized source.
Direct trafficA visit with no usable referrer or campaign information.
Dark socialSharing that analytics cannot attribute cleanly.
ROASRevenue attributed to ads divided by ad spend.
ROINet return relative to total investment.
CACTotal cost to acquire a new customer.
LTV / CLVExpected customer value across the relationship.
LTV:CACCompare expected customer value with acquisition cost.
CPLCost per lead.
CPACost per defined acquisition or action.
Cost per opportunity / CPOSpend divided by created opportunities.
Engagement rateA platform-specific percentage representing interaction.
Bounce rateA failure or single-session metric whose meaning depends on the channel.
DeliverabilityAbility to reach the recipient's mail system and inbox.
Open rateOpens divided by delivered emails, with major privacy-related measurement limitations.
Click-through rate / CTRClicks divided by a defined denominator, often delivered messages or impressions.
Click-to-open rate / CTORUnique clicks divided by unique opens.
Conversion rate optimization / CROSystematically improve the percentage completing a desired action.

Quick answers

Measurement, analytics, and attribution FAQs

What is included in the measurement, analytics, and attribution topic?

The measurement, analytics, and attribution topic is a collection of 46 marketing operations concepts used to plan, operate, govern, or evaluate this area of work. The grouping helps readers understand related language as a connected operating system rather than a list of isolated definitions.

For example, the topic includes KPI, Metric, Leading indicator, Lagging indicator, North Star metric. A professional can open those entries together when preparing a project, documenting a process, or aligning terminology with another team.

Which measurement, analytics, and attribution terms should I learn first?

Useful starting terms for measurement, analytics, and attribution include KPI, Metric, Leading indicator, Lagging indicator, North Star metric. These concepts provide an entry point, but the best sequence depends on the workflow, system, or decision you are responsible for.

For example, someone beginning a project in this area can read the five starting terms, compare their examples with the organization’s current process, and then follow the related-concept links to fill specific knowledge gaps.

How should I use these measurement, analytics, and attribution definitions?

Use these definitions as a shared starting point, then document the exact rules, owners, systems, thresholds, and exceptions used by your organization. A glossary creates common language, but operational agreement determines how the concept behaves in practice.

For example, a team can begin with the glossary definition of KPI, then add its own entry criteria, responsible role, source system, reporting field, and escalation path before using the term in automation or executive reporting.